| Censorware |
Censorware is a category of software that is used to do Internet content blocking or Internet filtering. In other words, Censorware limits the user's access to content on the Internet. Libraries and schools commonly use this type of filtering software to restrict its users from accessing pornography. Parents may also use censorware to restrict their children's access to the Internet.
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| CFG: Control Flow Graph |
A control flow graph (CFG) is an abstract data structure used in compilers. It is an abstract representation of a procedure or program, maintained internally by a compiler. Each node in the graph represents a basic block, i.e. a straight-line piece of code without any jumps or jump targets; jump targets start a block, and jumps end a block. Directed edges are used to represent jumps in the control flow. There are, in most presentations, two specially designated blocks: the entry block, through which control enters into the flow graph, and the exit block, through which all control flow leaves.
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| CFML: ColdFusion Markup Language |
ColdFusion Markup Language(CFML) is a proprietary markup language developed by Allaire for use with ColdFusion. CFML is a tag-based Web scripting language supporting dynamic Web page creation and database access in a Web server environment. In the language, ColdFusion tags are embedded in HTML files.
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| cgi-bin |
cgi-bin is the usual name of the server directory in which Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs are held.
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| CGI: Common Gateway Interface |
The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard for external gateway programs to interface with information servers such as HTTP servers. CGI scripts are commonly used on Web sites to achieve customised results. Generally, when the visitor performs some action, such as filling in a form or clicking on a link, the server executes a script using information input by the visitor. This allows the appearance or behaviour of the Web site to be customised for that visitor.
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| CGI: Computer Generated Imagery |
Computer generated imagery (CGI), also known as Computer animation, is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects. CGI is used in movies, television programs and commercials, and in printed media. Video games most often use real-time computer graphics (rarely referred to as CGI), but may also include pre-rendered "cut scenes" and intro movies that would be typical CGI applications.
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| Character |
In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme or a grapheme-like unit or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language. An example of a character is a letter, numeral, or punctuation mark. This includes all the ASCII and extended ASCII characters, including the space and control characters. In character-based software, everything that appears on the screen, including graphics symbols, is considered to be a character. In graphics-based applications, the term character is generally reserved for letters, numbers, and punctuation.
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| Character Encoding |
A character encoding or character set (sometimes referred to as code page) consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given set with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers and the transmission of text through telecommunication networks. Common examples include Morse code, which encodes letters of the Latin alphabet as series of long and short depressions of a telegraph key; and ASCII, which encodes letters, numerals, and other symbols, both as integers and as 7-bit binary versions of those integers, generally extended with an extra zero-bit to facilitate storage in 8-bit bytes (octets).
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| Character Mapping |
Character mapping refers to the process of using a table used in an operating system or font to map the character codes to the glyphs used in a font. Most character encoding uses an 8-bit system allowing a maximum of 256 character codes. Extended or non-AlphaNumeric languages often use 16-bit or Double Byte encoding. Also, Character Maps or not necessarily cross platform compatible. For example, the Macintosh and Windows operating systems use differing character maps. However, Type 1 fonts do contain the glyphs necessary for both these mappings and so work in both Macintosh and Windows systems and others.
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| Character Repertoire |
Character repertoire is the set of all characters onto which a coded character set maps integers (code positions).
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| Character Set |
Character set is a defined list of characters recognized by the computer hardware and software. Each character is represented by a number. The ASCII character set, for example, uses the numbers 0 through 127 to represent all English characters as well as special control characters. European ISO character sets are similar to ASCII, but they contain additional characters for European languages.
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| Charmap: Character Map |
Character Map (charmap.exe) is an applet included with Microsoft Windows operating systems which can be used to inspect the characters in any installed font, to check what keyboard input is used to select those characters, and to copy characters to the clipboard in lieu of typing them in.
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| Checkpoint |
Checkpoint, in computer programming, is the point in the program source code where progress can be halted, while running, until conditions are suitable for progression to the next stage.
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| Chinook Checkers Program |
Chinook is the first computer program that won the world checker champion title in the competition against humans. Chinook program's algorithm includes an opening book, a library of opening moves, from games played by grandmasters, deep search algorithm, good move evaluation function and the end-game database having all positions with eight or fewer pieces. The linear handcrafted evaluation function considered several features of the game board including piece count, kings count, trapped kings, turn, runaway checkers (unimpeded path to be kinged) and other minor factors. All of Chinook's 'knowledge' was programmed in by its creators vs the program learning strategies.
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| CIF: Common Intermediate Format |
Common Intermediate Format (CIF) is a video format used in videoconferencing systems that supports both NTSC and PAL signals. CIF is part of the ITU H.261 videoconferencing standard. It specifies a data rate of 30 frames per second (fps), with each frame containing 288 lines and 352 pixels per line. CIF is used to standardize the horizontal and vertical resolutions in pixels of YUV sequences in video signals. CIF has many variations for different resolutions and technologies.
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| CIM: Common Information Model |
Common Information Model (CIM), a standard defined by organizations such as the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) and the IEC, provides a schema that defines how the managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them. CIM allows multiple parties to exchange management information about these managed elements. CIM not only represents these managed elements and the management information, but also provides means to actively control and manage these elements. By using a common model of information, management software can be written once and work with many implementations of the common model without complex and costly conversion operations or loss of information. The managed elements represented in the CIM Schema include most of today's elements in an IT environment, for example Computer systems, Operating systems, Networks, Middleware, Services and Storage.
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| Citadel Software |
Citadel is software for running a Bulletin Board System. The first Citadel came online in 1980 with a single 300 baud modem, and some versions of the software, supporting thousands of simultaneous users, are still in use today. Citadel development has always been collaborative with a strong push to keep the source code in the public domain. This makes Citadel one of the oldest surviving FOSS projects.
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| CL: Common LISP |
Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, standardised by ANSI X3.226-1994. Developed to standardize the divergent variants of Lisp which predated it, it is not an implementation but rather a language specification. Several implementations of the Common Lisp standard are available, including commercial products and open source software. Common Lisp is a general-purpose programming language, in contrast to Lisp variants such as Emacs Lisp and AutoLISP which are embedded extension languages in particular products. Unlike many earlier Lisps, Common Lisp (like Scheme) uses lexical variable scope.
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| Class |
Class, in the context of object oriented computer language, is the prototype for an object in an object-oriented language; analogous to a derived type in a procedural language. A class may also be considered to be a set of objects which share a common structure and behaviour. The structure of a class is determined by the class variables which represent the state of an object of that class and the behaviour is given by a set of methods associated with the class.
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| Class Library |
Class library is a term used in the object oriented language, whcih refers to collections of class definitions and implementations. Software companies like Microsoft created class libraries for reuses in programming. Class libraries and toolkits have the reputation of being open but too-much-assembly-required. A best of both worlds is to deliver a useful application composed from a toolkit where disassembly and reassembly for evolution is supported.
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| Clean Install |
Clean install refers to a way to install or upgrade an OS to a computer system. There are two ways to conduct a clean install. (1) upgrade of an operating system (OS) on a hard drive that already has an OS running off of it without carrying over any settings of the older OS, such as user preferences or information about the hardware and/or the software. (2) To install an OS on a hard drive that does not already have an OS installed on it or a newly formatted hard drive.
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| ClearCase |
ClearCase, developed by Rational software and now owned by IBM, provides lifecycle management and control of software development assets. With integrated version control, automated workspace management, parallel development support, baseline management, and build-and-release management, ClearCase provides the capabilities needed to create, update, build, deliver, reuse and maintain business-critical assets.
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| ClearDDTS |
ClearDDTS is a Distributed Defect Tracking System developed by Rational software and now owned by IBM. ClearDDTS provides change request management for UNIX development, specifically designed to track and manage defects and enhancement requests found during development and quality assurance testing. ClearDDTS can be tightly integrated with software configuration management products, such as Rational ClearCase, to effectively manage change throughout the software development lifecycle.
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| Client |
In client/server computing, a client is a system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer by some kind of network. The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but could interact with remote computers via a network. These dumb terminals were clients of the time-sharing mainframe computer.
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| Client-Side |
In computer networking, the term client-side refers to operations that are performed by the client in a client-server relationship. Typically, a client is a software program, such as a web browser, that runs on a user's local computer or workstation and connects to a server as necessary. Operations may be performed on the client-side because they require access to information or functionality that is available on the client, but not on the server because the user needs to observe them or provide input, or because the server lacks the processing power to perform the operations in a timely manner for all of the clients it serves.
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