Video display board is also known as graphics accelerator, video card, video board, graphics card, display adapter, video adapter, or graphics adapter. It is a component of a computer to convert a logical representation of an image stored in memory to a signal that can be used as input for a display medium, most often a monitor utilising a variety of display standards. The graphics card may be a stand-alone expansion card but is often also built into the computer.

Video memory, also known as video RAM, is installed on a video adapter, which is a feature in most modern video adapters. This means that they have their own microprocessor that is capable of manipulating bit maps and graphics objects. Before an image can be sent to a display monitor, it is first represented as a bit map in an area of video memory called the frame buffer. The amount of video memory, therefore, dictates the maximum resolution and color depth available.

VESA Local-Bus (VL-Bus or VLB) is a local bus architecture created by the Video Electronics Standards Association ( VESA ). VLB is mostly used in personal computers based on the Intel 80486 CPU. VESA Local Bus worked alongside the ISA bus; it acted as a high-speed conduit for memory-mapped I/O and DMA, while the ISA bus handled interrupts and port-mapped I/O. VLB has been replaced by a competing local bus architecture called PCI.

Virtual memory or virtual memory addressing is a feature of computer systems wherin "permanent" data storage is used to assist in handling processing functions, thereby freeing more RAM or main memory (i.e. "active" or "fast" memory) to be used by running software. The use of virtual memory, though slower than if more RAM were added, allows a computer system to handle larger files and operate with more memory "headroom" than the computer actually physically possesses.

VME64, an expanded version of VMEbus, provides 64-bit data transfer and addressing. The regular VMEbus standard accommodates 32-bit address and data buses. Data transfers are 32, 16 and 8 bytes wide. The VME64 standard utilises this unused bandwidth to enable 64-bit block transfers. The lower 32 bits are placed on the regular D0 to D31 and the upper 32 bits placed on the idle address bus A01 to A31.

VME bus, now also known as VERSAmodule Eurocard bus, is a backplane interconnection 32-bit bus system building on the Motorola VERSAbus standard. It is standardized by the IEC as ANSI/IEEE 1014-1987 and widely used in industrial, commercial and military applications with over 300 manufacturers of VMEbus products worldwide. VME64 is an expanded version that provides 64-bit data transfer and addressing.

Volatile memory is a type of memory that loses its contents when the power is turned off. All RAM (except the CMOS RAM used for the BIOS) is volatile. In contrast, the nonvolatile memory does not lost its contents when power off such as ROM.

Voltage regulator is a small device or circuit that regulates the voltage fed to the microprocessor. The voltage regulator reduces the 5 volts used by a PC to the lower voltage(below 3.5 volts) required by the microprocessor.

Visual Processing Unit (VPU), also known as Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is the microprocessor of a graphics card (or graphics accelerator) for a personal computer or game console. Modern VPUs or GPUs are very efficient at manipulating and displaying computer graphics, and their highly-parallel structure makes them more effective than typical CPUs for a range of complex algorithms.

Vestigial sideband (VSB) is a type of amplitude modulation technique that encodes data by varying the amplitude of a single carrier frequency. Portions of one of the redundant sidebands are removed to form a vestigial sideband signal. Television broadcasts (regardless of NTSC, PAL, or SECAM analog video format) use this method if the video is transmitted in AM, due to the enormous bandwidth used. It may also be used in digital transmission, such as the ATSC-standardized 8-VSB. The Milgo 4400/48 modem used vesitigial sideband and phase-shift keying to provide 4800 bit/s transmission over a 1600 Hz channel.