Loop transformation refers to a group of loop optimization techniques in computer programming and compiling, which plays an important role in improving cache performance and effective use of parallel processing capabilities. Common loop transformations include:
loop interchange
loop splitting/Loop peeling
loop fusion
loop fission
loop unrolling
loop tiling/loop blocking
loop skewing
loop inversion
loop-invariant code motion
vectorization
parallelization
Loop Unswitching
Loop unswitching is a compiler optimization technique. It moves a conditional inside a loop outside of it by duplicating the loop's body, and placing a version of it inside each of the "if and else" clauses of the conditional. This can improve the parallization of the loop. Since modern processors can operate fast on vectors this increases the speed.
Loop Unwinding
Loop unwinding, also known as loop unrolling, is a technique for optimizing parts of computer programs. The idea is to save time by reducing the number of overhead instructions that the computer has to execute in a loop, and thus improving the cache hit rate and reducing branching. To achieve this, the instructions that are called in multiple iterations of the loop are combined into a single iteration. This will speed up the program if the overhead instructions of the loop impair performance significantly.
Loop-Invariant Code Motion
Loop-invariant code motion is a compiler optimization technique which performs loop-invariant code movement automatically to improve execution speed. Loop-invariant code in an imperative programming language consists of statements which could be moved to before the loop (if the loop always terminates), or after the loop, without affecting the semantics of the program. As a result, it is executed less often.
Low-Level Language
Low-level programming language is a type of computer language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's microprocessor. The word "low" refers to the small or nonexistent amount of abstraction between the language and machine language, it is therefore often described as machine-oriented languages. They cannot easily be converted to run on a computer with a different central processing unit, and they are relatively difficult to learn because a detailed knowledge of the internal working of the computer is required. Since they must be translated into machine code by an assembler program, low-level languages are also called assembly languages. "High-level" and "low-level" are also used relatively, so a Java programmer might consider C to be a comparatively low-level language.
LSM: Linux Software Map
Linux Software Map (LSM) is a standard text format for describing Linux software. LSM for a program is a single text document, named software_package_name.lsm. An LSM begins with Begin4 and ends with End. It has one field on each line. Field name is separated from value by a ": ". Mandatory fields are Title, Version, Entered-date, Description, Author and Primary-site.
LURCH
LURCH is a software design debugging tool that uses a nondeterministic algorithm to quickly explore the reachable states of a software model. By performing a partial and random search, LURCH looks for faults in the model and reports the pathways leading to the faults.
LWP: Light-Weight Process
In computer operating systems, a light-weight process (LWP), confusingly known as a kernel thread, is a means of achieving multitasking. In contrast to a user thread, which is handled at the application level, a light-weight process is scheduled by the kernel. For this reason, they are generally preferred over a userland thread implementation whenever possible, as there is usually much less overhead. LWP is a single-threaded sub-process which, unlike a thread, has its own process identifier and may also differ in its inheritance and controlling features.
LZO: Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer
Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO) is a data compression algorithm that is focused on decompression speed. The algorithm is lossless and the source is thread safe. A free software tool which implements the LZO algorithm is lzop. The original library was written in ANSI C, and it has been made available under the GNU General Public License. Versions of LZO are available for the Perl, Python and Java languages.
LOSSY
Graphics files are big, and most file formats (such as BMP, TIFF, PICT, and PCX) are inefficiently coded, so they are larger than they need to be. So how do graphics programmers save disk space? They develop compression techniques. Graphics compression techniques fall into two camps: lossless and lossy. Lossless techniques throw away redundant bits of information without affecting the quality of the image. Lossy techniques, such as JPEG, crunch files down smaller, but they throw out image quality in the process. Most of the time, however, you can't see the difference in image quality unless you try to print the graphics on a professional imagesetter.
Explanation : The number of repetitions per unit time of a complete waveform, from peak to trough; for example, the rate of signal oscillation in sound waves or electric current. Frequencies are measured in cycles per second, or Hertz.
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